Work began on the Erie Canal almost 200 years ago. The canal linked Lake Erie to the Hudson River. That made it possible to travel directly by water between New York City and the Midwest. When completed in 1825, the canal was a boon to the economy of the state and accelerated the settlement of the Great Lakes states. About.com describes the impact.
The Erie Canal cost $7 million dollars to build but reduced shipping costs significantly. Before the canal, the cost to ship one ton of goods from Buffalo to New York City cost $100. After the canal, the same ton could be shipped for a mere $10. The ease of trade prompted migration and the development of farms throughout the Great Lakes and Upper Midwest. Farm fresh produce could be shipped to the growing metropolitan areas of the east and consumer goods could be shipped west. Before 1825, more than 85% of the population of New York State lived in rural villages of less than 3,000 people. With the opening of the Erie Canal, the urban to rural ratio began to change dramatically.
Goods and people were transported quickly along the canal - freight sped along the canal at about 55 miles per 24 hour period but express passenger service moved through at 100 miles per 24 hour period, so a trip from New York City to Buffalo via the Erie Canal would only have taken about four days.
Detail from a mural showing the official opening of the Erie Canal in 1825.
New York Gov. DeWitt Clinton pours a cask of Lake Erie water into the Atlantic Ocean.
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The canal was widened from 40 feet (12.2 m) to 70 feet (21.3 m) and was deepened from the original 4 feet (1.2 m) to 7 feet (2.1 m) in the 1860s to accomodate wider and heavier barges. The canal was further enlarged in the early 20th century to a width of 120 feet (36.5 m) and depth of (3.65 m). That drastic enlargement meant that most of the eastern and central stretches of the canal were completely rerouted.
The modern day canal system in New York.
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But starting in the mid 19th century the growing railroad network gradually siphoned off most of the passenger traffic and an increasing amount of commercial traffic. And by the 1950s the St. Lawrence Seaway and the Interstate Highway System caused commercial traffic on the canal to dwindle greatly. So for the past 50 years the Erie Canal has been used primarily as a recreational waterway.
In recent years commercial traffic on the canal has been on the rebound. NPR recently did a report on this revival. This is the transcript of that segment.
New York's Erie Canal is reviving its history to again be an economic corridor for commercial shipping through upstate New York after decades of being mostly used by recreational boats. Shipping from Canada it expected to lead to a level of commercial traffic not seen in decades.
The tugboat Margot at Lock 7 in Niskayuna, NY pushing a barge loaded with turbine rotors.
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A cycling path along an original section of the Erie Canal
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Quote:
The Erie Canal cost $7 million dollars to build but reduced shipping costs significantly. Before the canal, the cost to ship one ton of goods from Buffalo to New York City cost $100. After the canal, the same ton could be shipped for a mere $10. The ease of trade prompted migration and the development of farms throughout the Great Lakes and Upper Midwest. Farm fresh produce could be shipped to the growing metropolitan areas of the east and consumer goods could be shipped west. Before 1825, more than 85% of the population of New York State lived in rural villages of less than 3,000 people. With the opening of the Erie Canal, the urban to rural ratio began to change dramatically.
Goods and people were transported quickly along the canal - freight sped along the canal at about 55 miles per 24 hour period but express passenger service moved through at 100 miles per 24 hour period, so a trip from New York City to Buffalo via the Erie Canal would only have taken about four days.
New York Gov. DeWitt Clinton pours a cask of Lake Erie water into the Atlantic Ocean.
The canal was widened from 40 feet (12.2 m) to 70 feet (21.3 m) and was deepened from the original 4 feet (1.2 m) to 7 feet (2.1 m) in the 1860s to accomodate wider and heavier barges. The canal was further enlarged in the early 20th century to a width of 120 feet (36.5 m) and depth of (3.65 m). That drastic enlargement meant that most of the eastern and central stretches of the canal were completely rerouted.
The modern day canal system in New York.
But starting in the mid 19th century the growing railroad network gradually siphoned off most of the passenger traffic and an increasing amount of commercial traffic. And by the 1950s the St. Lawrence Seaway and the Interstate Highway System caused commercial traffic on the canal to dwindle greatly. So for the past 50 years the Erie Canal has been used primarily as a recreational waterway.
In recent years commercial traffic on the canal has been on the rebound. NPR recently did a report on this revival. This is the transcript of that segment.
Quote:
New York's Erie Canal is reviving its history to again be an economic corridor for commercial shipping through upstate New York after decades of being mostly used by recreational boats. Shipping from Canada it expected to lead to a level of commercial traffic not seen in decades.
RENEE MONTAGNE, HOST:
The Erie Canal was cut through upstate New York almost 200 years ago. It opened up new shipping routes to the West and proved to be an economic lifeline for the Great Lakes region. The canal fell out of favor as faster transportation methods, like the railway, became available. But lately, it's been getting a second life.
Here's Ryan Delaney of member station WRVO.
(SOUNDBITE OF A TUGBOAT)
RYAN DELANEY, BYLINE: On a rainy morning, the tugboat Margot is preparing to head down the Oswego Canal. This waterway is part of a network of canals ultimately connecting New York City with Buffalo and the Great Lakes to the west.
DENNIS WASIEWSKI: The Margot, lock 8.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: (unintelligible)
WASIEWSKI: Good morning. We're going to be looking to go southbound here in about five minutes.
DELANEY: The Margot will be pushing one of two 15-ton barges full of corn it brought across Lake Ontario from Canada the day before. It's this Canadian grain that's driving the resurgence in traffic on the canals. The Margot has had a busy spring. And Captain Dennis Wasiewski just got word its orders will double.
WASIEWSKI: Last year, we got real busy and this year we're getting a lot busier. We're over 50 percent more this year than we were last year this time.
DELANEY: Wasiewski has found more work on the canal as business has increased. He started working the tug full-time this year.
WASIEWSKI: Slowly coming back, hopefully. We get everything right, some nice commerce on here again. That's what this was built for - commercial.
(SOUNDBITE OF A STEAMSHIP)
DELANEY: The Margot will pass through three locks this morning. Much of the corn is destined for an ethanol plant five miles inland, though the trip takes about two hours. Despite the slow going of canal travel, moving freight by water has its advantages, namely fuel costs. What can be moved 60 miles by truck on a gallon of fuel, can go more than 500 miles by tug and barge.
The Erie Canal opened in 1825 and upstate New York's biggest cities grew up along it. Freight passing through the 500 miles of narrow waterways and locks peaked at five million tons at the middle of last century. Once the Interstate Highway System and competing St. Lawrence Seaway to the north opened up, that number dropped way off.
As commercial shipping slowed to just 10,000 tons a year, recreational boats became the dominant user of the canals. They still are. But more and more barges are traveling through the locks again. Last year, the canals saw four times their average freight. And this year, the Canal Corporation is expecting to see more than 100,000 tons shipped through New York's waterways.
Canal Corporation director Brian Stratton says as more crops come in from Canada - thanks to new laws governing the industry - the canal just happens to be in the right place again.
BRIAN STRATTON: This system is still here. So it's an opportunity really to go back to what made this state great. And to use a tremendous infrastructure that 189 years later is still going strong.
DELANEY: At the end of the Oswego Canal, on the windy shore of Lake Ontario, the Port of Oswego has been increasingly busy, too. Director Jeffrey Daniels says for a long time, the canal got away from what it was built to do.
JEFFREY DANIELS: I think the canal was kind of marginalized at that point. They've done a good job of resurrecting that and bringing that and putting focus on it and realizing that it is a viable part of the waterway system. I mean, that was the superhighway. That opened up the West and it's still viable today.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Lock 7 (unintelligible)
WASIEWSKI: OK, thank you very much. Appreciate it.'
DELANEY: Back down the canal, Margot Captain Dennis Wasiewski is finding out the canal is being shut down due to high water levels. That means the Margot will only be making one of its two scheduled trips today. So the tug will be idle for a few days. But the crew is still expecting a busy summer.
For NPR News, I'm Ryan Delaney in Oswego, New York.
The Erie Canal was cut through upstate New York almost 200 years ago. It opened up new shipping routes to the West and proved to be an economic lifeline for the Great Lakes region. The canal fell out of favor as faster transportation methods, like the railway, became available. But lately, it's been getting a second life.
Here's Ryan Delaney of member station WRVO.
(SOUNDBITE OF A TUGBOAT)
RYAN DELANEY, BYLINE: On a rainy morning, the tugboat Margot is preparing to head down the Oswego Canal. This waterway is part of a network of canals ultimately connecting New York City with Buffalo and the Great Lakes to the west.
DENNIS WASIEWSKI: The Margot, lock 8.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: (unintelligible)
WASIEWSKI: Good morning. We're going to be looking to go southbound here in about five minutes.
DELANEY: The Margot will be pushing one of two 15-ton barges full of corn it brought across Lake Ontario from Canada the day before. It's this Canadian grain that's driving the resurgence in traffic on the canals. The Margot has had a busy spring. And Captain Dennis Wasiewski just got word its orders will double.
WASIEWSKI: Last year, we got real busy and this year we're getting a lot busier. We're over 50 percent more this year than we were last year this time.
DELANEY: Wasiewski has found more work on the canal as business has increased. He started working the tug full-time this year.
WASIEWSKI: Slowly coming back, hopefully. We get everything right, some nice commerce on here again. That's what this was built for - commercial.
(SOUNDBITE OF A STEAMSHIP)
DELANEY: The Margot will pass through three locks this morning. Much of the corn is destined for an ethanol plant five miles inland, though the trip takes about two hours. Despite the slow going of canal travel, moving freight by water has its advantages, namely fuel costs. What can be moved 60 miles by truck on a gallon of fuel, can go more than 500 miles by tug and barge.
The Erie Canal opened in 1825 and upstate New York's biggest cities grew up along it. Freight passing through the 500 miles of narrow waterways and locks peaked at five million tons at the middle of last century. Once the Interstate Highway System and competing St. Lawrence Seaway to the north opened up, that number dropped way off.
As commercial shipping slowed to just 10,000 tons a year, recreational boats became the dominant user of the canals. They still are. But more and more barges are traveling through the locks again. Last year, the canals saw four times their average freight. And this year, the Canal Corporation is expecting to see more than 100,000 tons shipped through New York's waterways.
Canal Corporation director Brian Stratton says as more crops come in from Canada - thanks to new laws governing the industry - the canal just happens to be in the right place again.
BRIAN STRATTON: This system is still here. So it's an opportunity really to go back to what made this state great. And to use a tremendous infrastructure that 189 years later is still going strong.
DELANEY: At the end of the Oswego Canal, on the windy shore of Lake Ontario, the Port of Oswego has been increasingly busy, too. Director Jeffrey Daniels says for a long time, the canal got away from what it was built to do.
JEFFREY DANIELS: I think the canal was kind of marginalized at that point. They've done a good job of resurrecting that and bringing that and putting focus on it and realizing that it is a viable part of the waterway system. I mean, that was the superhighway. That opened up the West and it's still viable today.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Lock 7 (unintelligible)
WASIEWSKI: OK, thank you very much. Appreciate it.'
DELANEY: Back down the canal, Margot Captain Dennis Wasiewski is finding out the canal is being shut down due to high water levels. That means the Margot will only be making one of its two scheduled trips today. So the tug will be idle for a few days. But the crew is still expecting a busy summer.
For NPR News, I'm Ryan Delaney in Oswego, New York.
A cycling path along an original section of the Erie Canal
